ORANGE

ORANGE:
The orange (specifically, the sweet orange) is the fruit of the citrus Citrus sinensis, species Citrus  ​sinensis in the family Rutaceae. The fruit of the Citrus sinensis is called sweet orange to distinguish it from that of the Citrus aurantium, the bitter orange. The orange is a hybrid, possibly between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata), cultivated since ancient times.Probably originated in Southeast Asia, oranges were already cultivated in China as far back as 2500 BC. Between the late 15th century and the beginnings of the 16th century, Italian and Portuguese merchants brought orange trees in the Mediterranean area. The Spanish introduced the sweet orange to the American continent in the mid 1500s.
The origin of the term orange is presumably the Sanskrit word for "orange tree", whose form has changed over time, after passing through numerous intermediate languages. Today, the fruit is known as "Chinese apple" in several languages. Some examples are Dutch sinaasappel (literally, "China's apple") and appelsien, or Low German Apfelsine. In English, however, Chinese apple usually refers to the pomegranate. Orange trees are widely grown in tropical and subtropical climates for its sweet fruit, which can be eaten fresh or processed to obtain juice, and for its fragrant peel. They have been the most cultivated tree fruit in the world since 1987, and sweet oranges account for approximately 70% of the citrus production. In 2010, 68.3 million tonnes of oranges were grown worldwide, particularly in Brazil and in the US states of California and Florida.

History:
There are not reports on sweet oranges occurring in the wild. It is believed that sweet orange trees have been first cultivated in southern China, northeastern India or perhaps Southeast Asia around 2500 BC. In Europe, citrus fuits – among them the bitter orange, introduced to Italy by the crusaders in the 11th century – were grown widely in the south for medicinal purposes,  but the sweet orange was unknown until the late 15th century or the beginnings of the 16th century, when Italian and Portuguese merchants brought orange trees in the Mediterranean area. Shortly afterwards, the sweet orange was quickly adopted as an edible fruit. It was also considered a luxury good and wealthy people grew oranges in private conservatories, called orangeries. By 1646, the sweet orange was well known throughout Europe. Spanish explorers introduced the sweet orange into the American continent. On his second voyage in 1493, Christopher Columbus took seeds of oranges, lemons and citrons to Haiti and the Caribbean. Subsequent expeditions in the mid 1500s brought sweet oranges to South America and Mexico, and to Florida in 1565, when Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded St Augustine.  Spanish missionaries brought orange trees to Arizona between 1707 and 1710, while the Franciscans did the same in San Diego, California, in 1769. An orchard was planted at the San Gabriel Mission around 1804 and a commercial orchard was established in 1841 near present-day Los Angeles. In Louisiana, oranges were probably introduced by French explorers.
Archibald Menzies, the botanist and naturalist on the Vancouver Expedition, collected orange seeds in South Africa, raised the seedlings on board and gave them to several Hawaiian chiefs in 1792. Eventually, the sweet orange was grown in wide areas of the Hawaiian Islands, but its cultivation stopped after the arrival of the Mediterranean fruit fly in the early 1900s. As oranges are rich in vitamin C, during the Age of Discovery, Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch sailors planted citrus trees along trade routes to prevent scurvy.
Around 1872, Florida obtained seeds from New Orleans, so many orange groves were established by grafting the sweet orange on to sour orange rootstocks.

Varieties:
Common oranges
Common oranges (also called "white", "round" or "blond" oranges) constitute about two-thirds of all the orange production. The majority of their crop is used mostly for juice extraction. Valencia
Main article: Valencia orange
The Valencia orange is a late-season fruit, and therefore a popular variety when navel oranges are out of season. This is why an anthropomorphic orange was chosen as the mascot for the 1982 FIFA World Cup, held in Spain. The mascot was named Naranjito ("little orange") and wore the colours of the Spanish national football team kit.
Hart's Tardiff Valencia
Thomas Rivers, an English nurseryman, imported this variety from the Azores Islands and catalogued it in 1865 under the name Excelsior. Around 1870, he provided trees to S. B. Parsons, a Long Island nurseryman, who in turn sold them to E. H. Hart of Federal Point, Florida.
Hamlin
This cultivar was discovered by A.G. Hamlin near Glenwood, Florida, in 1879. The fruit is small, smooth, not highly coloured, seedless and juicy, with a pale yellow coloured juice, especially in fruits that come from lemon rootstock. The tree is high-yielding and cold-tolerant and produces good quality fruit, which is harvested from October to December. It thrives in humid subtropical climates. In cooler, more arid areas, the trees produce edible fruit, but too small for commercial use.Trees from groves in hammocks or areas covered with pine forest are budded on sour orange trees, a method that gives a high solids content. On sand, they are grafted on rough lemon rootstock. The Hamlin orange is one of the most popular juice oranges in Florida and replaces the Parson Brown variety as the principal early-season juice orange. This cultivar is now[needs update] the leading early orange in Florida and, possibly, in the rest of the world.

Benefits:
1 - filter the blood and kill the worm syrup and wholesome.
2 - Orange juice removes fever, kill it and help to fall in temperature caused by fever.
3 - Expels phlegm and useful to clean the pharynx and larynx.
4 - Diuretic and detergent for college and the bladder.
5 - Laxative and removes waste of the stomach and intestines and cleans.
6 - Orange helps to heal wounds and to cure skin diseases and is useful for high blood pressure.
7 - Strengthens the stomach and strengthens the teeth and removes some of the diseases of the gums in the mouth and heartbreaking items in the gravel and sand expelled from the body.
8 - Orange juice and tonic and appetizer, especially for those who complain of anemia
9 - Strengthens the nerves, heart, hypnotic and calming and relaxing for the brain.
10 - Orange strengthens bones and nails, hair and teeth and reduces the percentage of fat (cholesterol).
11 - Regulating the process of the human respiratory tract.
12 - An anti-cough and influenza.13 - Orange helps to expel gas.
14 - Orange regulating the work of muscles and veins.
15 - Against sexually transmitted diseases and HIV smooth and some venereal diseases.
16 - Is useful for skin diseases and scabies.
17 - Useful for tumors of the uterus, ovaries, and urinary tract and prostate.
18 - Useful for cases of vomiting
19 - Orange useful for tumors, arthritis, gout, Alrmatesm and hardening of the arteries.
20 - Helps to remove the effects of poisoning as a result of the use of chemical medicines.
21 - Strengthen the nervous system and digestive system and is useful in the treatment of tumors of the seat and hemorrhoids.
22 - prevent a lot of cancers.
23 - orange juice and useful for diseases of typhoid.
24 - is useful for people with colds and the flu.
25 - Agent Orange is useful to eliminate some of the candidates to the reproductive system in women syrup and useful and compensates for the mother's milk.
26 - a useful and beneficial, and perfumed with the Authority.
27 - orange good drug and is useful to remove the gums and mouth sores.
28 - benefit the use of orange peel over the coal burning in Almnaql covering the smell of orange peel smell of pure coal.
29 - In 1930, Dr. (Maranon) in Spain split vitamins ubiquitous orange and I consider them useful for diabetics as well as thought (Dr. Crane's father) The orange juice is useful for the treatment of diabetic patients, Dr. (Scheuer brooch) Spanish is the orange syrup and very useful for many diseases.
30 - in orange are many benefits even in the outer crust and fat and seeds (nuclei) that are not extravagant in eating (run-off return anything) (eat and drink waste not by excess).
31 - After washing and orange peel (dried), so that can be milled in the mill electrical Kalboudr a good benefit for use with milk or when making work and Custard (Alcastr) or the work of sweets, cakes and Kmatr substitute for vanilla, a benefit for the stomach gas ... And has a good flavor and a natural fragrance and color.
32 - According to the large French flag (Ms. Rando Osé) President of the Foundation Food Hygiene to the presence of acid and a natural chemical in the orange juice is very useful for the body and provide heat and provide vitality and activity to it.
33 - of fruits useful for adults and young people and children especially in the winter and is useful for indigestion, and stated in the books (old) that China is the origin of the fruit orange?!
34 - Wrote a Chinese year AD 1178 there are 27 types of oranges, some without seeds (nuclei).
35 - Considered the Chinese symbol of happiness and orange Persians said that it is better tree worthy of paradise in the Hereafter.
36 - Last used nowadays many orange flowers (Tinderbox) and Tigana fragrances for brides.
37 - That the characteristics and benefits of orange fruit and the many benefits in the treatment and cure of up to a degree which makes us say that a crate (carton) orange in the house even more than the equivalent natural pharmacy in the treatment of diseases and instrumental in healing.
38 - Advised mothers of young children for the safety of their health and time feeding their children an orange or a cup of orange juice instead of chocolate or some sweets harmful.
39 - The wondrous and mentioned that on the island of Fernandobo Africa there is an orange-sized equivalent to the size ofWe have found orange five times or more a sweet taste and a lot of water.
40 - sweet mix orange juice with a little honey is very beneficial and useful as food for small and equivalent to breast milk